"Таван өнгө дөрвөн харь есөн их улс" хэмээхийн учир

Type
Book
Category
 
Publication Year
2006 
Abstract
According to the historical texts, the phrase ''Five color and four stranger-great nine states'' is the definition of a great empire founded by Chinggis Khaan. This attributive name, which is always used in all historical books except ''Secret History of Mongolia'', was first officially reported in the decrees of Khubilai Khaan (1215-1294) which was recorded in''White History''. In these decrees, which came down to us, Mongolians, from other sources than Chinese, they say that ''When the named Khubilai founded four-great states, Five color and Four stranger Great States he ordered, ''In the Five color and Four stranger Great State each chief of unit of tens, fifties, hundreds, thousands, twelve thousands, myriad should be in charge of their people and aimags...'' reported in White History.
But the reason why Mongolians used this name for their empire is still unclear. Most of the explanations given in Mongolian historical texts are legends and were made in different ways that in the course of time was led to misconception.
Quite seriously discussed version was made by Gombojav (''Stream of steel''). Recently, it was paid attention that according to (N.L.Jukovskaya, S.Dulam) it is symbolized terminology showing geographical and ethnic knowledge of Mongolians, (T.D.Scrinnikov)- one kind of world pattern, (I.S.Urbanova) secret and hidden meaning of empire (esoteric) derived from unified nature of mind of Asian people , or it is explained as an ''artificial terminology that created on the basis of thought or research of people of later time.''
In our view of point, within any of the following cultures-whether it is fundamental culture of nomads, or dao (China), or Buddhist (Indian and Tibetan) culture, ''five colors and four strangers'' means that it is a state that consists of the whole world. For this reason, explanation of this name on the basis of the culture, to be exact, one religious and philosophical doctrine or from the position of''ancient Asian philosophy'' or impersonal attitude, might be biased to one side. Because, numerical symbol has more sense in this name than that of the five element. Taking into account world view of shamanism, provision of law ''Ikh Zasag'' that equally treats any religion (culture, ethics), and one of the principle of Mongolians original culture-''principle of taking the usefulness and loosing the useless'',in its symbolized sense the Five color state means not five separate state, but instead it is one state with correlated five elements, and in the four direction of it there are four stranger states (or neighbors) that all together Khubilai Khaan declared to the world the Nine great State (5+4=9); here correlation of five color and four stranger symbolizes equality, in the political sense it expresses golden rein of state (inner) policy and tethering (external) policy, in a general way 'to found a state with peace well-being '' (SHM), is the traditional doctrine of Mongolian state that were newly formulated.
Later, although the explanation like one of the five color state is stranger to the other four (1:4) is an artificial one, it expresses social and political relation of newly founded states on the base of collapsed empire : here there was an attempt to prove in the new political environment that Blue Mongol was a rightful successor of Mongolian Empire and that it is equal with other, and is an independent country.  
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